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Stoma in an epidermis strip of a pine needle

Legend:

stomata (with guard cells)
3  epidermis cells
2  subsidiary cells

English name: Pine
Scientific name: Pinus sp.
Familia: Pinaceae
Classis: Coniferopsida
Phylum: Gymnospermae
Regnum: Plantae

The stomata of pine needles are sunken below the surface and the subsidiary cells have a ledge-like structure which obscures the view of the stomata. This construction provides extra protection against desiccation. Like in privet the subsidiary cells are co-involved in closing and opening the stomata.

http://www.vcbio.science.ru.nl/en/image-gallery/show/labels/print/PL0257/print/

last modified: 5 Jun 2014